The Pacific Ocean was named by Ferdinand Magellan in 1520. When his fleet first entered its waters after surviving the treacherous Strait of Magellan at the southern tip of South America, they encountered unusually calm seas. Grateful for the respite, Magellan called it “Mar Pacífico” — Spanish for “peaceful sea.” Yet, the irony of the name endures: for the Pacific, while appearing tranquil, is also home to some of the most violent storms, earthquakes, and volcanic activity on Earth — earning it a reputation as having a “Ring of Fire.” It has also seen some of the most terrifying sea battles during World Wars.